每日英语口语练习:2026-08-11(星期二)
周二 BBC 6 Minute English:《How do climate scientists make predictions?》(气候科学家如何做预测?)——BBC Learning English 最新一期(EP 260806,2026-08-06 播出),主持人 Phil & Pippa 对话 NASA 气候科学家 Kate Marvel。本期核心是一个极其实用的概念区分:prediction(预测)vs projection(推演)——科学家不说「未来一定会怎样」,而说「如果……就会……」。「条件句思维」正是用英语表达不确定性的高级技巧;对话体语速适中,特别适合跟读。
1. 📖 原文/对话(核心段落,约 250 词)
来源:BBC Learning English「6 Minute English」EP 260806《How do climate scientists make predictions?》,2026-08-06 播出。以下为节目官方转写(transcript)核心段落,主持人 Phil & Pippa,特邀 NASA 气候科学家 Kate Marvel。
Pippa: So, how do scientists calculate the effects of climate change in the first place? The answer is with models. Huge amounts of physical and chemical data are fed into supercomputers, which then paint pictures of possible futures on Earth. But, as NASA climate scientist Kate Marvel explained, nothing is certain.
Kate Marvel: Climate models don’t make predictions – they make projections. Predictions are saying this is what will happen, and a projection is conditional. A projection is: “If we do this, then this will happen.”
Phil: Climate models don’t make predictions. Those are statements about what’s likely to happen. Instead, they make projections about different possible futures, and these depend on many things. In other words, climate models are conditional, meaning that they depend on other factors. The main factor in climate change, of course, is human activity, especially greenhouse gas emissions.
Pippa: Another influence on climate models is clouds. We usually associate hot summers with cloudless blue skies, but in fact clouds play a big part in the climate.
Kate Marvel: The thing about clouds is that they have this dual effect. They both cool the planet by blocking sunlight, and they warm the planet because they have their own greenhouse effect. Right now, the unit that scientists use to measure the energy imbalance of the planet – how much it’s out of whack – is Watts, like in a light bulb, per square metre.
Phil: Kate starts by saying, “The thing about clouds is.” She uses the expression “the thing about” to introduce the most important detail about something.
🎯 节目问题答案:科学家用 Watts per square metre(瓦/平方米,选项 b) 衡量地球的「能量失衡」(energy imbalance)。
2. 🎬 视频/音频资源
- YouTube 官方视频(6:16,BBC Learning English 频道):https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sv9DItmJvlI —— 本期节目官方上传,最适合跟读
- BBC 官方节目页(含 worksheet、互动 quiz、逐段播放):https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/6-minute-english_2026/ep-260806
- MP3 音频直链(可下载离线循环听):https://downloads.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/features/6min/260806_6_minute_english_how_do_climate_scientists_make_predictions_download.mp3
3. 📝 重点词汇(BBC 官方词汇表,含音标与例句)
| 词汇 | 音标 | 释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| prediction | /prɪˈdɪkʃn/ | 预测:对将来会发生什么的断言 | ”Climate models don’t make predictions – they make projections.” |
| projection | /prəˈdʒekʃn/ | 推演:基于条件的未来情景 | ”A projection is: ‘If we do this, then this will happen.‘“ |
| conditional | /kənˈdɪʃənl/ | 有条件的,取决于其他因素的 | ”Climate models are conditional, meaning that they depend on other factors.” |
| the thing about… | /ðə ˈθɪŋ əbaʊt/ | (口语)……的关键/最重要的一点是 | ”The thing about clouds is that they have this dual effect.” |
| out of whack | /ˌaʊt əv ˈwæk/ | (习语)失衡的、不正常的 | ”…how much it’s out of whack – is Watts per square metre.” |
| pro-(something) | /prəʊ/ | 支持……的 | ”I am very pro-science.”(Kate Marvel 原话) |
| (not) on the table | /ˌnɒt ɒn ðə ˈteɪbl/ | (习语)(不)在考虑范围内、(不)是选项 | ”No climate change is unfortunately not on the table.” |
4. 💬 跟读练习建议
- 先听三遍:第一遍无字幕抓大意(prediction vs projection 的区别);第二遍开字幕跟 Phil & Pippa 的对话;第三遍只听 Kate Marvel 的两段原声——科学家讲科普的范本,语速适中、发音清晰。
- 角色扮演跟读:Phil 和 Pippa 一问一答、节奏分明。第一遍跟 Phil,第二遍跟 Pippa,体会英语对话的「接话感」。
- 条件句刻意练习:反复跟读 A projection is: “If we do this, then this will happen.” —— 全篇最值得背的句子,练到脱口而出。
- 影子跟读:选 Kate Marvel「The thing about clouds…」段,落后原声 0.5 秒跟读,重点模仿她把 the thing about 三个词连成一个意群。
- 复述挑战:听完后不看文本,用 60 秒向自己复述「为什么科学家说 projection 而不说 prediction」。
5. 🔄 即兴口语练习
Prompt 1(90 秒):用 If we do this, then this will happen 的句式,说三个你自己对生活的「有条件预测」——例:If we keep scrolling before bed, then our sleep will get worse.
Prompt 2(60 秒):用 The thing about… is… 开场介绍一个你熟悉的话题:The thing about learning English is that you have to speak it out loud.
Prompt 3(90 秒):观点题——“Should scientists only make conditional statements, or should they give the public clear predictions?” 给出立场 + 两个理由。
Prompt 4(60 秒):用 out of whack 描述一个「失衡」的场景(作息、工作生活平衡、天气均可),造两个自己的句子。
6. 📋 发音技巧提示
1. /θ/ 与 /ð/(本周重点)
- the thing about 连读时连续出现两个 th:the /ðə/(浊,振动声带)→ thing /θɪŋ/(清,只送气)。舌尖轻触上齿。中文母语者易混,务必分清。
2. 弱读与连读
- out‿of 连读为 /aʊtəv/,kind‿of → /kaɪndə/;句中的 and, of, that, to 一律弱读。a lot‿of 是最高频连读组之一。
3. 条件句语调(If…, then…)
- If we do THIS, / then THIS will happen. —— if 从句末尾升调(未完成感),主句降调收束。这是英语条件句最标准的语调模式。
4. 重音即意义
- 对比重音落在 preDICtion 与 proJECtion 上;conditional 重音在第二音节 /kənˈdɪʃənl/。Kate Marvel 说 pro- 时特意停顿强调——模仿这种「关键词前停顿」,表达会立刻有力度。
5. 英式发音差异
- metre 英式读 /ˈmiːtə/(美式 meter /ˈmiːtər/),square 英式 /skweə/。本期是标准 BBC 英音,可与美音素材(如 Steve Jobs 演讲)交替练习,建立双音系辨识力。
“Climate models don’t make predictions – they make projections.” — 好的表达不是把话说死,而是让语言配得上世界的不确定。