每日英语口语练习（2026-09-16 星期三）

【题材】 科技社会新闻（Science & Tech News） 【主题】 钙钛矿叠层太阳能电池——把”人造阳光捕手”叠起来，效率破纪录 【来源】 综合新华社 / 中科院 / CGTN / Nature 报道 + Undecided with Matt Ferrell 视频 【今日时长】 约 6 分钟（跟读 2 分 + 即兴 3 分 + 复习 1 分） 【去重依据】 已查记录表，主题「钙钛矿叠层太阳能电池 / Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells」从未出现（已练科技社会新闻：轴向磁通电机、Wi-Fi识别人、电动皮卡、AI数据中心热岛/能耗、AI语音克隆诈骗、AI助手点外卖、AI agents低效、AI误报代写、AI凝结尾迹、微塑料入体、培育肉、核聚变、欧盟AI法案，均无重合）。

📖 原文/对话（来源：科技社会新闻 — 钙钛矿叠层电池效率破世界纪录）

Scientists have long dreamed of a solar cell that is cheap, lightweight, and far more efficient than the silicon panels that dominate rooftops today. That dream moved closer to reality in July 2026, when a team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced a perovskite-organic tandem solar cell with a certified steady-state efficiency of 28.04 percent — a new world record for this class of device. Published in Nature, the breakthrough was led by Academician Li Yongfang and researcher Meng Lei at the Institute of Chemistry.

Unlike conventional single-junction cells, which capture only part of the solar spectrum, tandem cells stack two light-absorbing layers. The perovskite top layer soaks up visible light, while the organic bottom layer harvests near-infrared rays. Together, they squeeze more electricity from the same sunlight. The technology is also dramatically thinner and lighter than silicon — thin enough to coat the roofs of cars, the backs of phones, or even the surfaces of satellites.

The real hurdle has always been stability. Perovskite films mixed with iodine and bromine tend to separate under light, causing performance to fade. The Chinese team solved this with a clever additive called TDB. During fabrication it slows the clustering of bromide ions; once exposed to light it transforms into a new molecule that locks the material in place. The result: the cell held 90 percent of its efficiency after 625 hours of continuous illumination.

Other labs are pushing further. All-perovskite tandems have already surpassed 30 percent in the lab, and commercial silicon-perovskite tandems from companies like Oxford PV and LONGi have crossed 34 percent. If manufacturers can scale up without sacrificing lifespan, perovskite could rewrite the economics of clean energy — turning almost any surface into a power plant.

【中文导读】 传统硅板只能把约 20–25% 的阳光变成电，且又厚又重。钙钛矿是一种晶体结构特殊的人造材料，可以”像墨水一样”低温涂在基底上，又薄又轻还能弯。把钙钛矿层叠在另一层吸收材料（硅或有机层）之上，让不同层分别吃掉可见光和红外光，效率就突破了单结电池 ~33% 的理论天花板。最大的拦路虎是”不够稳”——光照下卤素离子会偏析导致衰减，中科院团队用一个会”见光变形”的添加剂 TDB 把它锁住，连照 625 小时仍保留 90% 效率。一旦量产良率与寿命过关，几乎任何表面都能发电。

🎬 视频/音频资源

• Undecided: How Record Breaking Perovskites Are Here NOW — 采访 Oxford PV 首席技术官，讲钙钛矿叠层如何破纪录、何时上屋顶
• Undecided: Why These Quirky Advances Could Change Solar Forever — 牛津超薄钙钛矿涂层、把日常物体变太阳能板的前沿进展

📝 重点词汇（8-10 个）

• perovskite /pəˈrɒvskaɪt/ n. 钙钛矿（一类具特殊晶体结构的材料） — Perovskite solar cells could eventually replace silicon panels.
• tandem /ˈtændəm/ adj./n. 串联的；串联（叠层）结构 — A tandem cell stacks two light-absorbing layers.
• efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/ n. 效率（光电转换效率） — The certified efficiency reached 28.04 percent.
• steady-state /ˈstedi steɪt/ adj. 稳态的（持续光照下的稳定值） — Steady-state efficiency is measured under continuous light.
• additive /ˈædətɪv/ n. 添加剂 — An additive molecule stabilized the fragile film.
• segregate /ˈseɡrɪɡeɪt/ v. 分离；偏析（此处指卤素离子分离） — Halide ions tend to segregate when exposed to light.
• encapsulate /ɪnˈkæpsjuleɪt/ v. 封装；包裹 — You must encapsulate the cells to protect them from moisture.
• lightweight /ˈlaɪtweɪt/ adj. 轻量的 — Lightweight panels are ideal for satellites and drones.
• scalable /ˈskeɪləbl/ adj. 可规模化的 — The process must be scalable to compete with silicon.
• commercialize /kəˈmɜːʃəlaɪz/ v. 使商业化；推向市场 — It is hard to commercialize such fragile cells.

💬 跟读练习建议

目标：2 分钟内把新闻腔调”读顺”，重点练连读、词尾 -ed、专业名词重音。

1. 逐句跟读（影子跟读）：放视频原声或自己朗读，每句落后半拍跟，先慢后快。优先跟读第一段前三句（含 perovskite-organic tandem、certified steady-state efficiency 等密集术语）。
2. 分角色朗读（双人）：A 读”问题”——传统硅板的局限；B 读”突破”——叠层结构 + TDB 添加剂如何锁住稳定性。交换角色再一遍。
3. 难句拆解跟读：
   • “The perovskite top layer soaks up visible light, while the organic bottom layer harvests near-infrared rays.” → 先拆 soaks up / harvests，再连读 while the。
   • “During fabrication it slows the clustering of bromide ions; once exposed to light it transforms…” → 注意 once exposed 省略主语的弱读。
4. 计时自测：用手机计时，完整朗读原文一遍，争取 90 秒内流畅读完，卡顿处标红次日复盘。

🔄 即兴口语练习

说明：以下 3 题用中文思考 20 秒，再用英文开口说 60–90 秒，不必求完美，求”能连贯表达观点”。

1. Why are scientists so excited about perovskite solar cells?（为什么科学家对钙钛矿这么兴奋？）
   • 参考要点：效率上限更高（叠层破 33% 天花板）、制造更便宜（低温涂布、像打印）、更薄更轻可弯曲 → 能贴车顶、手机背壳、卫星。可对比硅板的厚重与高能耗提纯。
2. What is the biggest challenge before perovskite can go mainstream?（钙钛矿量产前的头号难题是什么？）
   • 参考要点：稳定性/寿命（光照下离子偏析导致衰减）、含铅的环保顾虑、从实验室小片到平米级组件的良率。点出 TDB 添加剂这类”锁结构”思路是解法之一。
3. Imagine a world where every surface generates power. How would daily life change?（假设每个表面都能发电，生活会有什么不同？）
   • 参考要点：建筑外墙/车窗/背包都发电 → 电网压力下降、偏远地区与灾区更易通电、电动车续航焦虑缓解；但也引出成本、回收与美学新问题。

📋 发音技巧提示

1. 专业名词重音：perovskite 重音在第二音节 /pə-RɒV-skaɪt/，别读成 per-OV；tandem /ˈTAN-dəm/ 重音在最前；efficiency /ɪ-Fɪ-ʃən-si/ 重音在 -fi-。先单独把这三个词读准，整段立刻”专业感”拉满。
2. 词尾 -ed 在 /t/、/d/ 后发 /ɪd/：stacked → /stæk.tɪd/、harvested → /ˈhɑːvɪs.tɪd/、announced → /əˈnaʊn.tɪd/。很多学习者会漏掉这个额外的元音，导致听起来像少了一个音节。
3. 弱读与连读：a solar cell 里 a 弱读成 /ə/；could turn → /kʊd tɜːn/ 自然连成 /kʊd.tən/；while the organic 中 the 弱读 /ðə/ 并与前词连读。新闻英语的”顺滑感”主要靠这些弱读。

🗣 今日金句

“We can envisage perovskite coatings being applied to broader types of surface to generate cheap solar power — the roofs of cars, buildings, even the backs of mobile phones.” （我们可以设想，钙钛矿涂层被涂在更多种类的表面上发电——汽车顶、建筑、甚至手机背面。） —— 牛津大学钙钛矿团队

背诵价值：一句把”技术可能性 + 具体场景”打包，是科技类即兴表达的高分句型（We can envisage … being applied to … to …）。